Chap_10公共部门经济学(经济学原理,曼昆,中英文双语).pptVIP

Externalities 外部性 Chapter 10 Market Efficiency - Market Failures Recall that: Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” of the marketplace leads self-interested buyers and sellers in a market to maximize the total benefit that society can derive from a market. 市场效率 和 市场失灵 回顾: 亚当.斯密所说的市场中“看不见的手”引导着市场中自利的买者和卖者追求自己利益最大化的同时，使整个社会从市场中获得的总利益也达到最大化。 EXTERNALITIES AND MARKET INEFFICIENCY An externality refers to the uncompensated impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander. Externalities cause markets to be inefficient, and thus fail to maximize total surplus. 外部性与市场无效率 外部性——一