高等数学微积分拉格朗日乘法分析报告.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * Lagrange Multipliers By Dr. Julia Arnold Professor of Mathematics Tidewater Community College, Norfolk Campus, Norfolk, VA With Assistance from a CPDP Grant In this lesson you will Understand the method of Lagrange Multipliers Use Lagrange Multipliers to solve constrained optimization problems Use the method of Lagrange multipliers with two constraints Objective 1 Understand the method of Lagrange Multipliers Fig.13.77 Recall Fig. 13.48 Objective 2 Use Lagrange Multipliers to solve constrained optimization problems Basically, Lagrange Multipliers are another way to think about solving optimization problems with constraints. Lets look at a problem we can solve either way. Problem: Suppose I have 50 feet of fencing for a rectangular shaped garden and want to enclose the maximum area. The usual way we would solve this problem is to look at a picture and put in variables. x y Next we write the constraint equation 2x + 2y = 50 Last we determine we want to maximize the Area of the Garden whose formula is A = xy Problem: Suppose I have 50 feet of fencing for a rectangular shaped garden and want to enclose the maximum area. x y 2x + 2y = 50 Constraint A = xy Objective We want to get the Area in terms of just x or y so we use the constraint to eliminate one or the other. 2y=50-2x Y = 25-x A = x (25-x)=25x – x2 A’ = 25 – 2x 0= 25 – 2x X = 12.5 and y = 12.5 Now we will use the method of Lagrange Multipliers to Solve the same problem. 2x + 2y = 50 Constraint A = xy Objective f(x,y)=xy is the objective equation and g(x,y)=2x +2y is the constraint equation. Find Now let’s look at a problem that might be difficult to solve the old way. Problem 2: Find the maximum and minimum values for The constraint is the red graph. The blue graph and green graph are level curves of the paraboloid. The blue graph is at 1 and the green graph is at which is the exact value for the max. As the paraboloid extends in the z direction it gets wider than the constrai