电弧炉炼钢工艺的节能降耗技术-周卫国.docVIP

电弧炉炼钢工艺的节能降耗技术 周卫国 （西安建筑科技大学华清学院冶金工程，陕西?西安?710043）Energy saving technology of EAF steelmaking ZHOU Wei-Guo (Xian University Of Architecture And Technology Huaqing College of metallurgy engineering, Xian Shaanxi 700043) Abstract: rising energy prices worldwide, and constantly promote the optimization of EAF steelmaking process and operation. The lowest cost people committed to the highest efficiency under the conditions of production, but in both cases, in order to ensure the competitiveness of electric arc furnace steelmaking process. For the optimization of complex process of the electric arc furnace steelmaking, requires not only knowledge, but also need to complete the process of appropriate technology. Only in this way, chemical energy to achieve the steelmaking process and energy efficient use, optimal smelting process. This paper presents the development of electric arc furnace steelmaking technology, and from increasing energy supply, increasing the input power and the three aspects to improve the efficiency of energy utilization analysis of the main energy saving technologies used in electric arc furnace steelmaking enterprises. 一 前言 电弧炉炼钢的发展及现代电弧炉炼钢 自上世纪中叶至今, 尽管转炉炼钢技术取得了长足的进步, 但世界电炉钢的比例不断增长, 从1950年的713% 增长到2003 年的3311% , 其中美国从612% 增长到4819% , 2004 年美国电炉钢的比例达53% [ 1] 。1950年以后, 电弧炉炼钢所占份额迅速上升, 成为与转炉流程相抗衡的第二大钢铁制造流程, 主要原因有: ( 1) 平炉炼钢为氧气转炉炼钢所代替, 积累的废钢转由电弧炉炼钢流程来消化。( 2) 超高功率电弧炉炼钢技术成功应用, 使电弧炉炼钢的效率显著提高, 生产成本大幅度降低。( 3) 连铸、连轧技术的成功应用, 废钢) 电弧炉炼钢) 连轧型的“小钢厂”迅速发展, 占领长型材生产份额。现代电弧炉炼钢的特征总结为: 高效、节能、环保。其中现代电弧炉炼钢的首要特征就是“高效低耗”, 多项现代电弧炉高效低耗炼钢技术在我国得到了研究、推广及应用与长足发展。近年来，我国电弧炉炼钢生产技术发展迅速，电弧炉的部分经济指标已经达到国际水平，但还有一定的差距。与此同时，国内、国际竞争日趋激烈，能源、环境问题日益突出。节能降耗是电弧炉生产技术发展的必然趋势。 二　电炉炼钢能量消耗 电炉炼钢的能量消耗受能源效率、能量回收、原材料消耗和操作水平等工艺参数的影响如图1所示。 图1　电炉炼钢工艺能源消耗的影响因素 电弧炉炼钢主要有这几方面的消耗： 2.1 钢铁料消耗 钢铁料消耗是一个重要的减量化指标，目前我国电弧炉钢铁料消耗指标的平均水平大概为1 100kg /t 钢到1 150 kg /t 钢之间，我国个别企业可以达到1 030 kg /t 钢到1 040 kg /t 钢之间。。为减少钢铁料消耗而采取的技术措施主要有:⑴废钢质量的提高。通过对废钢实施分类堆放、加强分拣、减少泥沙等措施，可减少钢铁料的消耗，降低电耗，缩短冶炼周期，提高钢水收得率，降低或控制钢中的残余元素。⑵固态炉料结构的优化。电弧炉中炉料主