清华大学数据库原理第二章教案分析.pptVIP

数 据 库 原 理 王 建 民 清 华 大 学 软 件 学 院 2002年/秋 Review Primary goal of a DBMS provide a way to store and retrieve database information that is both convenient and efficient The lifecycle for a warehouse Review(1) A data model Collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationship, data semantics, and consistency constraint Notations Data modeling language Conceptual representation of data objects, the association between data objects, and some operation rules Schemas Data diagrams Main Contents Basic Concepts Constraints Design Issues E-R Diagrams Entity-Relationship Model A database can be modeled as: a collection of entities and relationships among entities Entity-Relationship Model High-level data model Overall Logical Structure Data Semantic Entity-Relationship Modeling Conceptual Design Enterprise Schemas Why E-R Model? Requirement for a warehouse What will be stored in the warehouse? A DBMS independent database model 3 Basic Symbols Entities(实体) “thing” or “object” Attributes(属性) “properties” or “characteristics” Relationships(联系） “associations” Entity Sets An entity is an object that exists and is distinguishable from other objects. E.g. specific person, company, event, plant Entities have attributes E.g. people have names and addresses An entity set is a set of entities of the same type that share the same properties. E.g. set of all persons, companies, trees, holidays Entity Sets customer and loan Attributes An entity is represented by a set of attributes, that is descriptive properties possessed by all members of an entity set. Attribute Types Domain(域) the set of permitted values for each attribute Null value - unknown attribute types Simple and composite attributes. Attribute Types(1) Single-valued and multi-valued attributes E.g. Multi-valued attribute: phone-numbers Derived attributes Can be computed from other attributes E.g. age, given date of birth Keys A super key(超码) of an entity set is a set of one or more