chapter four developing paragraphs.pptVIP

Developing Paragraphs Contents I Structure of a pagragraph; II Characeristics of a paragraph; III Features of making an effective paragraph; IV Planning a paragraph; V Ways of developing a paragraph Structure of a Pharagraph It is a group of sentences that introduces, presents and develops one main idea about the topic, mainly occuring in the following forms. Topic sentence; Detail1, detail 2... Concluding sentence Characeristics of a paragraph 1. Unity Deal with a single topic State a single thought 2. Coherence 1) The part of the paragraph should be logically connected 2) Each sentence naturally leads to the next sentence in explaning and developing the central idea. 3) The paragraph is an integrated whole, rather than a collection of separate sentences. Features of a Paragraph Three fundamental features: A central idea (whcih may be expressed either explicitly in a topic sentence or implicitly) Supporting evidence (all the information given in this sentences should impresses the reader with the central idea) Close connection between the sentences Planning a paragraph Topic outline Sentence outline 2. Ways of Developing a Paragraph Topic outline 在标式提纲中，每部分的内容将短语（通常是名词短语）列为标题，其特点是简洁醒目，例如： Title: How Should We Spend Our Spare Time I. Introduction: Many kinds of activities in spare time II. Body: A. First supporting detail: Movies, TV programs 1. Much money 2. A passive activity 3. A waste of time B. Second supporting detail: Reading 1. Little space 2. Little money 3. Knowledge C. Third supporting detail: Sports 1. Fun 2. Exercises 3. Active relaxation III. Conclusion: More reading and sports in our spare time Sentence outline 在句式提纲中，每部分的内容用完整的句子列出。其特点是能较详尽地体现出实质内容和各部分之间的逻辑联系，因此对议论性强的严密文章更为适合。如： Title: How Should We Spend Our Spare Time I. Introduction: There are many kinds of activities in our spare time. II. Body: A. First supporting detail: Movies, TV programs are not preferable.