internationaltrade(5)资料.ppt

Goods are indispensable to international trade. Whether it is visible trade or invisible trade, the goods sold have their own qualities, and the quality of a certain kind of goods determines to a great degree its market and price. Therefore, the quality of the goods is among the main terms upon which a sales contract is based and constructed. Chapter 5 Quality of Commodity Commodity provides the material basis for international trade. All of commodities present certain qualities. Therefore, the quality of commodity is not only one of the major terms of sales contract, but also the first item which should be agreed upon by the exporter and the importer while the business is being negotiated. 1.Sale by Description（凭文字说明买卖） （1）Sale by specification，grade or standard （凭规格、等级、标准买卖） （2）Sale by brand name of trade mark （凭牌号或商标买卖） （3）Sale by name of origin（凭产地名卖） （4）Sale by description and illustration （凭说明书和图样买卖） 2.Sale by Sample（凭样品买卖） （1）Sale by the seller’s sample （凭卖方样品买卖） Seller’s sample are the samples which are usually sent by the seller to the buyer. We also called Original sample. （2）Sale by the buyer’s sample （凭买方样品买卖） In this case, the seller shall first take into consideration the availability of the new material and the possibility of providing the processing technology. DEFINITION: Quality of Goods outwards appearance: shape, structure, color, flavor, luster and etc. inner features: composition, physical and mechanical property, chemical, biological feature, etc. The specification of the goods refers to certain main indicators which indicate the quality of the goods, such as composition, content, purity, size, length, etc. So it is the detailed description of the goods to be sold. The grade of the goods refers to the classifications of the commodity of one kind which is indicated by words, numbers or symbols. The standard refers to the specifications or grade