高等电动力学_分析报告.ppt

Chapter 1Basic Electromagnetic Theory Experimental laws in electromagnetism Maxwell’s hypothesis of displacement current Basic Maxwell’s equations in integral form Basic Maxwell’s equations in differential form Maxwell’s equations in material media Complex Maxwell’s equations Boundary conditions Wave equations and Helmholtz’s equations Poynting’s theorem Basic Maxwell Equations in Time-Domain or Instantaneous Maxwell Equations In basic Maxwell equations, all kinds of charges and currents are included The divergence equations and Gausss law for electric fields and magnetic fields Applying the definition of divergence We have We get divergence equations: Similarly Equation of continuity becomes: Maxwell equations in Differential Form The curl equations Circuital equations Applying the definition of curl and and We have We get Maxwell equations in Differential Form In integral form In derivative form Equation of continuity Equation of continuity is not independent, it can be derived from the Maxwell equations (Exercise) (1-1) (1-2) (1-3) (1-4) (1-5) (1-6) (1-7) (1-8) (1-9) (1-10) (1-5) (1-6) (1-7) (1-8) J.C.Maxwell predicted that time-varying electromagnetic fields exist in the form of waves and light is electromagnetic wave in a special frequency band. But unfortunately, he did not see the experimental verification of his prediction. Basic Maxwell Equations in Time-Domain or Instantaneous Maxwell Equations The most important equations are the two curl equations with time dependent. The interactions between electric field and magnetic field in time-varying state are described by the two curl equations. From this set of equations, J.C.Maxwell derived wave equations, and find that the speed of electromagnetic wave is just equal to the experimental value of the speed of light. Heinrich Rudolph Hertz 1857 - 1894 Electromagnetic Waves 25 years after the Maxwell’s prediction, 9 years after the death of J.C.Maxwell, in 1888, H.R