基础微生物学课件21.pptVIP

6.噬菌体的应用与防治 噬菌体与发酵工业 二、植物病毒 三、脊椎动物病毒 * 5.噬菌体的分离培养 分离源 培养基 方法 分离样品的制备 宿主细胞的培养 分离方法 保藏 噬菌体的危害： 主要是引起发酵中的噬菌体污染 例：丙酮、丁醇发酵中的噬菌体污染 抗生素发酵中的噬菌体污染 食品工业上的噬菌体污染 防治： 控制活菌排放 选育抗性生产菌株 生产中轮换使用菌种 药物防治例如用金霉素、四环素等。 噬菌体的应用： 1.作为分子生物学研究的工具 2.用于鉴定未知菌，可到型。 3.用于临床治疗传染病 4.检验植物病原菌 5.测定辐射剂量 Life Cycle of Animal Viruses Based mainly on Virion and Kingdom of host Use Host cell type (Animal viruses, plant viruses, etc.) Use Nucleic Acid type (ds DNA, ss DNA, ds RNA, ss RNA) Use + or - polarity of RNA. + is able to serve as mRNA. - is the complement of +, must function as template to make a complementary strand of + RNA before any translation can occur. Use virus coat morphology. Enveloped vs. non-enveloped viruses. Taxonomy of viruses VIROIDS AND PRIONS  * * * F. Life Cycle of Animal Viruses Viruses that infect animal cells replicate by means of what is called the productive life cycle. Some viruses, such as HIV and the herpes viruses are able to become latent in certain cell types. A few viruses increase the risk of certain cancers. We will now look at the life cycles of viruses that infect animal cells. 1. The Productive Life Cycle (def) of Animal Viruses Although there is great variation among the animal viruses, a generalized productive life cycle consists of the following steps: a. Attachment or adsorption Adsorption (def) (see Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B) involves the binding of attachment sites on the viral surface with receptor sites on the host cell cytoplasmic membrane. For a virus to infect a host cell, that cell must have receptors for the virus on its surface and also be capable of supporting viral replication. These host cell receptors are normal surface molecules involved in routine cellular function, but since a portion of a molecule on the viral surface resembles the chemical shape of the bodys molecule that would normally bind to the receptor, the virus is able to attach to the ho