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研究：狗也有嫉妒心Dogs can be jealous, say scientists—— Dogs are prone to complex emotions such as jealousy and pride, according to scientific research that sheds new light on their relationship with humans. Canines do not like seeing their owners offering affection to other creatures, especially other dogs, and react negatively when their owners bring home new partners, the research found. Psychologists previously believed most animals lack the sense of self needed to experience so-called secondary emotions such as jealousy, embarrassment, empathy or guilt. These emotions are more complex than feelings associated with instant reaction – such as anger, lust or joy. Dr Friederike Range, of the University of Viennas neurobiology department, has shown that dogs feel intense jealously when they spot that they are unfairly treated compared with other dogs. Dogs show a strong aversion to inequity, she said. The dog study is the latest into several species, including cows, horses, cats and sheep, which have shown that animals are far more self-aware than was thought. Dr Paul Morris, a psychologist at the University of Portsmouth who studies animal emotions, told The Sunday Times: We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more emotionally complex than we ever realised. They can suffer simple forms of many emotions we once thought only primates could experience. In research among dog owners, Dr Morris found almost all of them reported jealous behaviour by their pets. The dog often tried to prise their owner away from a new lover in the early days of a relationship. Behavioural experts recommend owners keeping their dogs routine as much as possible when a new partner or child comes along in order to prevent jealous activity from the dog such as interruptions with barking or whining. 一项科学研究表明，狗也会产生嫉妒和骄傲等复杂的情感。该研究进一步揭示了狗与人之间的关系。 研究发现，狗不愿意看到自己的主人对其它动物，尤其是其它的狗表现出关注。当主人把新男友或女友带回家时，它们也会表现出抵触情绪。 此前，心理学家认为大多数动物缺乏体会嫉妒、困窘、移情和内疚等高级情感的“自我意识”。这些情感远比愤怒、欲望或高兴等与即时反应相关