Unit4MembraneStressinShells__ofRevolution.docVIP

Unit 4 Membrane Stresses in Shells of Revolution 回转壳的薄膜应力 A shell of revolution is the form swept out by a line or curve rotated about an axis (A solid of revolution is formed by rotating an area about an axis). Most process vessels are made up from shells of revolution; cylindrical and conical sections; and hemispherical, ellipsoidal and torispherical heads; Fig.1.13. 回转壳是由一条直线或曲线绕着一根轴旋转形成的曲面（回转体是由一个面绕着一轴旋转而成的）。大多数过程容器是由回转壳组成的：圆柱和圆锥形的；半球形的；椭球形的和准球形的；如图1.13. Fig.1.13 Fig.1.14 The walls of thin vessels can be considered to be “membranes”; supporting loads without significant bending or shear stresses; similar to the walls of a balloon. 薄容器的器壁可以看成是“薄膜”；假设载荷没有明显挠度和剪应力；就像气球的薄膜。 The analysis of the membrane stresses induced in shells of revolution by internal pressure gives a basis for determining the minimum wall thickness required for vessel shells. The actual thickness required will also depend on the stresses arising from the other loads to which the vessel is subjected. 对受内压回转体的薄膜应力分析为确定容器壳体最小壁厚奠定了基础。实际所需壁厚也依赖于容器上所受其他载荷引起的应力。 Consider the shell of revolution of general shape shown in Fig.1.14 under a loading that is rotationally symmetric; that is, the load per unit area (pressure) on the shell is constant round the circumference, but not necessarily the same from top to bottom. 如图1.14，研究的是回转壳一般模型在旋转轴对称的载荷作用下的情行；也就是，单位圆周面积上的载荷是一定的，但不都是从上到下。 Let P=pressure, 令：P=压力 t=thickness of shell, t=壁厚 =the meridional (longitudinal) stress, the stress acting along a meridian, =经向应力 =the circumferential or tangential stress, the stress acting along parallel circles (often called the hoop stress), =周向应力 =the meridional radius of curvature,r1=经向曲率半径 =circumferential radius of curvature.r2=环向曲率半径 Note: the vessel has a double curvature; the values of and are determined by the shape. 注意：容器有两个曲率；r1 和r2值由模型决定。 Consider the forces acting on the element defined by the points a. b c, d. Then the normal component (component acting at right