2015-2016年职称英语理工类B级变化文章课件分析.docVIP

2015职称英语考试用书理工类变化5篇 级别 类型 2014年 2015年 理工C 阅读理解 第九篇：Egypt Felled by Famine 第九篇：An Essential Scientific Process 补全短文 第五篇：The Magic of Sound 第五篇：A Record-Breaking Rover 理工B 阅读理解 第二十二篇：Snowflakes 第二十二篇：Real-World Robots 补全短文 第九篇： Heat Is Killer 第九篇：Lightening Strikes 理工A 补全短文 第十三篇：Sleeping Giant 第十三篇：Affectionate Androids 阅读理解（第二十二篇） Real World Robots When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly