岩石力学前三章详解.ppt

* Mixing of larger and smaller particles clearly has a significant affect on porosity, reducing the original porosity of 47.6% to 14%. Real formations do not consist of these perfectly shaped spheres, but these theoretical packing models help us understand the effects of particle size and distribution on porosity. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The sign of the stress is not uniquely defined by the physics of the situation, and has therefore to be defined by convention. In rock mechanics the sign convention states that: compressive stresses are positive. * * To give a complete description of the stress state at a point P within a sample, it is necessary to identify the stresses related to surfaces oriented in three orthogonal directions. The stresses related to asurface normal to the x-axis may be denoted ?x , ?xz, ?xy, representing the normal stress, the shear stress related to a surface in the z-direction, respectively. Physically, there will be only one shear stress associated with this surface. However the orientation of the shear stress has to be identified, and this is most conveniently done by identifying its y- and z-components: ?xy ,?xz. Similarly, the stresses related to a surface normal to the y-axis are denoted ?y ?yz ?yx, while the stresses related to a surface normal to z-axis are denoted ?z ?zx ?zy. * * * * * * Again, independent of sphere size * 3.1 rock porosity porosity: the ratio between the pore volume of the rock totle volume , usually represented by percent(%). The total volume (Vt) is composed of frame volume and pore volume,so the formula for the calculation of porosity can be expressed as follows: φ = By analyzing this formula,it is found that porosity has zero dimension, so this porosity can be named absolute porosity. * Active pore AND inactive pore. The porosity in the rock can be classified into active porosity and inactive porosity. The definition of effe