最好的课件体液失调要点.ppt

有用的概念Useful Concepts 体液　 脊椎动物进化于海水 脊椎动物身体的大约2/3是水 大多数脊椎动物的细胞外液的浓度是恒定的 体液=水+电解质+蛋白质+气体… Body Fluid 体液 Major Factors Affecting Body Fluids Age Gender Body fat 影响体液的主要因素 年龄 性别 体脂 Body Fluid 体液 Birth: 75-80% of body composition 1 year: 65% After puberty 60% males 50% females Older adults 50% males 40% females 出生： 75-80% 身体成分 1岁：65% 青春期后 60% 男 50% 女 老年 50% 男 40% 女 Body Fluid 体液 Intracellular Fluid (ICF) 40% BW for male 35% for female) Extracellular Fluid (ECF) 20% BW Plasma 5% BW Interstital Fluid 15% BW 细胞内液 (ICF) 40%体重（男） 35%体重（女） 细胞外液 (ECF) 20%体重 血浆 5%体重 组织间液 15%体重 Body Fluid 体液 细胞内液 Na+ CI- , HCO3 - Protein - 细胞外液 K +, Mg + HPO42- Protein - Homeostasis 内稳态 Homeostasis, from the Greek words for same and steady Defined as the dynamic constancy of the internal environment despite changes in the external environment More a dynamic state in which internal conditions vary within narrow limits 内稳态一词来自希腊文“相同的”和“稳定的” 指无论外环境如何变化，保持内环境的动态稳定 内环境的多数的动态变化仅限于很窄的范围 Homeostasis 内稳态 Necessary for survival Most of these mechanisms operate by negative feedback Every organ system plays a role in maintaining homeostasis Nervous and endocrine systems are major communication systems 内稳态为生存所必需 大多数以负反馈机制调节 每一器官系统对维持内稳态具有作用 神经内分泌系统是主要的信息传递系统 Osmotic Pressure 渗透压 The pressure required to stop osmosis through a semipermeable membrane between a solution and pure solvent It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution. Normal value 290-310 mmol/L Formula 2(Na)+K+BUN+Glu 指为维持通过半透膜所隔开的溶液与纯溶剂之间的渗透平衡而需要的压力 与重量克分子渗透压浓度一致 正常值 290-310 mmol/L 公式 2(钠)+钾+尿素氮+葡萄糖 Fluid Balance 体液平衡 Water balance Water intake loss are equal Electrolyte balance Ectrolytes absorbed in small intestine = amount lost in urine Acid – base balance Hydrogen ions lost = hydrogen ions produced by metabolism 水平衡 水摄入