网络时代的译员装备：工具书、词典及其使用资料.pptVIP

工具书、词典及其使用 一、工具书及其种类 工具书是指“专为读者查考字义、词义、字句出处和各种事实而编纂的书籍，如字典、索引、历史年表、年鉴、百科全书等”（《现代汉语词典》，1996） 工具书的特点：专为读者查考字义、词义、字句出处和各种事实而编纂 工具书的外延：字典、词典、索引、历史年表、年鉴、百科全书、软件等 工具书的功能：相对方便快捷地存储与获取信息 二、词典及词典的种类 词典 Dictionary一词，在英语中的使用由来已久，但是对dictionary 内涵的解释，有着一定的差异，如在 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 中，对于dictionary一词的定义是： A reference book containing words usually alphabetically arranged along with information about their forms, pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings and syntactical and idiomatic uses. Rey-Debove 1、A list of separate graphic statement 2、A book designed for consultation 3、A book with two structures, sometimes only one 4、Items are classified by form or content 5、The information is linguistic in nature 6、The information is explicitly didactic 7、A dictionary gives information about signs 8、The word-list corresponds to a predetermined set, and is structured if not exhaustive. A dictionary is a didactic book which describes a set of linguistic elements and presents them in separate and ordered units, thus allowing for consultation. The elements, which range from the letter to elements that are above sentence-length, are usually followed by paragraphs. The information, whether implicit or explicit, follows a predetermined programme and is always, at least in part, about the sign; in the explicit information which seems to be only about the referent, the presence of a definition is taken as information about the sign. 2、词典的类型 Hartmann的四条基本分类准则： 1、现象分类法（phenomenological typology) 2、表述（或构造）分类法（presentational or tectonic typology) 3、功能分类法(functional typology) 4、语言分类法（linguistic typology) Bo Svensen和Henry Bejoint1、词典的基本种类1）通用词典与专科词典（general and specialized dictionaries） Ff 通用词典 专科词典专科词典 2)单语词典与双语词典（monolingual and bilingual dictionaries） 单语词典 双语词典 3） 百科词典与语文词典 (encyclopedic and “language” dictionaries) 4） 外国语学习者词典与本族语词典 ( foreign learners and native speaker’ dic