船舶原理3.2 Moment Balance 1st Moment of Area.pptVIP

* Section 3.2 Moment Balance 1st Moment of Area There are three conditions that must be met for static equilibrium: SFx = 0 (movement from side to side) SFy = 0 (movement up and down) SM = 0 (rotation, or spinning, about a point) The equation SM = 0, moment balance, is used to describe the centroid locations of areas and volumes. but don’t get hung up on the mathematical talk just yet! Let’s define what we mean by moment balance first… = W = This is Ernie. He has an identical twin, Bernie. Bernie had an unfortunate accident during a minor elective surgery, and now he is in 4 sections of equal width, d. Each has a total weight, W. Ernie Bernie This is “the moment balance”. Okay, it’s a seesaw… but it’s the same thing. Ernie has taken his position on the moment balance. As expected, he has thrown the balance out of balance. Enter all four sections of Ernie’s identical twin, Bernie. In order to bring the situation back into balance, Bernie will position himself on the other side… …And now the system is balanced. But let’s look a little deeper at what’s going on here… Ernie - the whole Ernie- is at a distance, d, from the center of balance. Bernie, all four sections of him, are at different distances from the center of balance, yet the system is still in balance. w1 w2 w3 w4 d1 d2 d3 d4 D The sum of all of Bernie’s sections and their individual distances from the center equals the whole of Ernie and his distance from the center. Mathematically,: W In this course, this “balancing act” is used to find things such as the CENTROID of any shape (the distance of the CG from the x and y axes)... W x D =w1 x d1 + w2 x d2 + w3 x d3 + w4 x d4 or D = S (wi x di) W Let’s try an example of finding the centroid for the following shape: 20 12 6 8 2 12 x y The block given has a hole in it as shown. Intuitively, you can guess that the centroid will lay in the center of the shape from the x-axis (or y), but distance from the y-axis (or x)