第8章群体行为的基本原理要点.pptVIP

Status is another group property and refers to the position or rank given to groups or their members in a way to differentiate members. Status can influence behavior and has been found to be a significant motivator. The status characteristics theory suggest that status is derived by one of three sources; the power a person has over others; the ability to contribute to group goals; or personal characteristics. * Status can have an impact a number of things in groups. First, it can impact norms within a group where high-status members don’t feel the need to conform to group norms, but can pressure others to conform. Second, it can impact group interaction where members who hold more status tend to be more assertive and can hinder new ideas being presented. Finally, it impacts perceived equity in a group which will influence how engaged others are in the group process. * Size is important factor in group behavior as well and impacts the behavior in groups. The larger the group the harder it is to get contribution by all members and do so in a timely manner. Where as small groups can be limited in their problem-solving ability and the availability of resources could be limited. There are some detrimental behaviors that can occur around group size. For example as groups get larger social loafing can occur which is when an individual will put in less effort because they think others in the group will make up for them. * Social loafing is an example where there is a tendency for individuals to not work as hard in groups as they would on an individual basis. This is exhibited in Ringelmann’s rope pull example discussed in the book. Initially the group brought about greater productivity but as the group grew larger each individual contributed less to the group. This could be due to the fact that peopled didn’t think things are equitable or they let others take the responsibility because they know they don’t have to for the outcome to occur. This is often