第三章控制结构.docVIP

Chapter 3, Control Structures （第三章，控制结构） In this chapter all the control structures in Pike will be explained. As mentioned earlier, control structures are used to control the flow of the program execution. Note that functions that make the program pause and simple function calls are not qualified as control structures. （在这一章中所有在Pike中的控制结构都将会被解释。如前面所提到的，控制结构被用来控制程序运行的流程。注意那些方法会使程序中止并用简单的函数不能访问控制结构。） 3.1 Conditions（条件） Pike only has two major condition control structures. We have already seen examples of both of them in Chapter two. But for completeness they will be described again in this chapter. （Pike只有两个主要条件的控制结构。我们在前两章中已经看到关于它们两个的例子。要不是之前已经很完整地描述过在这一章中它们还会再次被解释。） 3.1.1 if The simplest one is called the if statement. It can be written anywhere where a statement is expected and it looks like this: （最简单的是被称作if的条件语句。它可以像这样被写在任何地方：） if( expression ) statement1; else statement2; if(表达式) 语句1； else 语句2; Please note that there is no semicolon after the parenthesis or after the else. Step by step, if does the following: （请注意在圆括号之后或者else后没有分号。一步一步地，像下面这样：） First it evaluates expression. If the result was false go to point 5. Execute statement1. Jump to point 6. Execute statement2. Done. 首先计算表达式。 如果结果是false就到第5步。 执行语句1。 跳到第6步。 执行语句2。 完成。 This is actually more or less how the interpreter executes the if statement. In short, statement1 is executed if expression is true otherwise statement2 is executed. If you are interested in having something executed if the expression is false you can drop the whole else part like this: （执行if语句实际上可以或多或少。简单地说，如果表达式的结果是true就执行语句1，否则就执行语句2。如果你对执行if语句的结果是false比较感兴趣，你可以终止所有else部分，像这样：） if( expression )????statement1; if(表达式) 语句1; If on the other hand you are not interested in evaluating something if the expression is false you should use the not operator to negate the true/false value of the expression. See chapter 5 for more information about the not operator. It would look like this: （如果从另一方面来说，你并不对if的表达式结果是false感兴趣，你可以使用否