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Chapter 6: Work and Energy - Christopher Chui Chapter 6: Work and Energy Christopher Chui Work Done by a Constant Force Work is defined to be the product of the magnitude of the displacement times the component of the force parallel to the displacement, or W = Fd cos q Unit for work is joule, or 1 J = 1 N-m In British units, work is in ft-lb. 1 J = 107 ergs = 0.7376 ft-lb. A force can be exerted on an object and yet do NO work Problem Solving for Work Choose an xy coordinate system // to the plane Draw a free body diagram showing all forces Determine any unknown force Find the work done by a specific force on the body by using W = Fd cos q Find the net work done on the body either adding algebraically work done by each force, or find the net force on the object, and use Wnet = Fnetd cos q Translational Kinetic Energy KE = ? mv2 Work-Energy Principle: Wnet = DKE The net work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy If the net work done on an object is positive, then the object’s kinetic energy increases; if the net work done is negative, then the KE decreases; if the work done is 0, then the KE is constant (its speed is constant) Potential Energy Potential energy is the energy associated with forces that depend on the position of a body The most common PE is gravitational PE PEgravitation = mgy Change in PE is physically meaningful Change in PE is the work required of an external force to move the object without acceleration between the two points Spring equation (Hooke’s law): Fs = - kx Elastic PE = ? kx2 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces Conservative forces: gravitational, elastic, electric Nonconservative forces: friction, air resistance, tension in a cord, motor or rocket propulsion, push or pull by a person PE can be defined only for a conservative force WNC = DKE + DPE Conservation of Mechanical Energy If only conservative forces are acting, the total mechanical energy of a system neither increases nor decreases in ANY process. It