第九章动力循环详解.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1.The Otto Cycle (奥托循环） (1). Actual cycle (实际循环) The Otto cycle is an idealization of a set of processes used by spark ignition internal combustion engines (2-stroke or 4-stroke cycles). §10-4 Internal combustion engines (内燃机) 0 ???? 1‘ :吸入空气; 　 1 ???2:压缩过程; 2 ??? 3:喷油燃烧过程; 3 4:喷油燃烧过程; 4 ????5:膨胀过程; 5 ???1 : 排气过程; 1 ???0:排出剩余的废气　　　　　　　 Otto循环 a) ingest a mixture of fuel and air, b) compress it, c) cause it to react, thus effectively adding heat through converting chemical energy into thermal energy, d) expand the combustion products, and then e) eject the combustion products and replace them with a new charge of fuel and air. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? (2) Otto循环的简化_ We model all of these happenings by a thermodynamic cycle consisting of a set of processes all acting on a fixed mass of air contained in a piston-cylinder arrangement. The exhaust and intake processes are replaced by constant-volume cooling.）????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 　 1 ???2:压缩过程; 2 ??? 3:喷油燃烧过程; 4 ????5:膨胀过程; 5 ???1 : 排气过程; 　　　　　　　　 1’ - 2 Compress mixture quasi-statically and adiabatically 2 - 3 Ignite and burn mixture at constant volume (heat is added) 3 (4)- 5 Expand mixture quasi-statically and adiabatically 5 - 1’’ Cool mixture at constant volume Representation of the thermodynamic cycle. (3) Thermal Efficiency of Otto Cycle (奥托循环的热效率) 提高循环的压缩比 提高循环的最高温度 2.The Diesel Cycle (狄塞尔循环) The diesel internal combustion engine differs from the gasoline powered Otto cycle by using a higher compression of the fuel to ignite the fuel rather than using a spark plug (compression ignition rather than spark ignition) Thermal Efficiency of Disel Cycle 狄塞尔循环的热效率： 提高循环的压缩比 降低循环的预胀比 提高循环的最高温度 3. The Dual Cycle (混合加热循环 ) 其中,1-2是定熵压缩过