LED照明知识：PWM调光 毕业论文外文翻译.docVIP

附录A A matter of light：PWM dimming By Sameh Sarhan and Chris Richardson, National Semiconductor Whether you drive LEDs with a buck, boost, buck-boost or linear regulator, the common thread is drive circuitry to control the light output. A few applications are as simple as ON and OFF, but the greater number of applications call for dimming the output between zero and 100 percent, often with fine resolution. The designer has two main choices: adjust the LED current linearly (analog dimming), or use switching circuitry that works at a frequency high enough for the eye to average the light output (digital dimming). Using pulse-width modulation (PWM) to set the period and duty cycle (Fig. 1) is perhaps the easiest way to accomplish digital dimming, and a buck regulator topology will often provide the best peRFormance. Figure 1: LED driver using PWM dimming, with waveforms. PWM dimming preferred Analog dimming is often simpler to implement. We vary the output of the LED driver in proportion to a control voltage. Analog dimming introduces no new frequencies as potential sources of EMC/EMI. However, PWM dimming is used in most designs, owing to a fundamental property of LEDs: the character of the light emitted shifts in proportion to the average drive current. For monochromatic LEDs, the dominant wavELength changes. For white LEDs, the correlated color temperature (CCT) changes. Its difficult for the human eye to detect a change of a few nanometers in a red, green, or blue LED, especially when the light intensity is also changing. A change in color temperature of white light, however, is easily detected. Most white LEDs consist of a die that emits photons in the blue spectrum, which strike a phosphor coating that in turn emits photons over a broad range of visible light. At low currents the phosphor dominates and the light tends to be more yellow. At high currents the blue emission of the LED dominates, giving the light a blue cast, leading to a higher CCT. In a