静定结构位移课程.docVIP

第二讲? 静定结构位移【内容提要】虚功原理、单位荷载法，广义力和广义位移，荷载作用下的静定结构位移计算，图乘法，支座位移和温度变化引起的位移计算，互等定律及其应用。【重点、难点】荷载作用下的静定结构位移计算，图乘法。 上式即为线性变形体系的外力附加功与附加变形能的关系，简称附加功原理，上述方程称为附加功方程。由上可见，附加功原理需要涉及到两个状态，一个状态是取其外力和内力，另一状态则取其位移和变形。因此，如要应用这一原理，则必须要有两个状态。而在实际应用时，往往是只提供一个状态——即实际状态，另一状态则是根据分析问题的需要特意假设的——称为虚拟状态。如果位移是虚设的，就称为虚位移原理，如果外力是虚设的，则称为虚力原理。因而通常都把附加功原理统称为虚功原理，把附加功方程统称为虚功方程。   ?????????????????? 图6-2-1 ????????????????????????????????????????????? ? 图6- 2-6??????????????例题6??????????????????????? 例题7图(A)40/EI?? ???(B)20/EI??? ??(C)-20/EI? ???(D)26.67/EI答案：(B)解析：荷载产生的弯矩图为三角形(杆件下侧受拉)，虚拟单位力产生的弯矩图为矩形，即A截面转角为顺时针(值为20/EI)，故正确答案选择B。 Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Johns Hopkins University for the TC-1 cells. This work was supported by a National Health Research Institutes intramural grant (IV-103-PP-22) and grants from the National Science Council, which were awarded to Y.C. Song (NSC 99-2321-B-400-004-MY3) and S.J. Liu (NSC 103-2321-B-400-008). Author Contributions Y.C.S. and S.J.L. designed the studies. Y.C.S. performed the research and analyzed the data. Y.C.S. and S.J.L. wrote the manuscript. Additional Information C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) once with 1 μ g of peptide mixed with or without 10 μ g of CpG adjuvant. After one week, splenocytes were harvested, and the response of IFN-γ -secreting cells was determined by ELISPOT after 48 h of peptide stimulation. Briefly, 2 × 105 splenocytes were incubated with 1 μ g/ml irrelevant peptide or RAH peptide in an anti-IFN-γ -coated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plate for 48 h. After incubation, the cells were removed, and a biotinylated anti-IFN-γ Ab (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) was added to each well. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. Following the addition of the avidin-HRP reagent (eBioscience, CA, USA), the assay was developed using a 3-amine-9-ethyl carbazole (AEC; Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) staining solution. The reaction was stopped after 4–6 min by placing the plate under tap