超导体基本现象的研究 毕业论文.docVIP

超导体基本现象的研究 摘要：自从人类发明了电，电能对许多领域都起着至关重要的作用，它等同于从电荷的运动中提取能量供给物体产生其他形式的能量，不过由于没有绝对光滑空白的空间，伴随的电阻损耗了大量电能。所以，为了寻求最高效率的能量交换（输运），超导体的开发研究就变得十分重要了。本文主要介绍超导体的发现、发展。超导电性的物理性质，临界参数及相互之间的关系，简单介绍了第I,II类超导体London唯象理论，Ginzburg—Landau理论及BCS超导理论。最后简单的描述了超导体在生活中的应用及未来发展前景。本文将带领我们走进超导世界，学习超导体的一些重要知识。 关键词：能量交换；超导体；临界参数；超导理论；唯象二流体； Studies on Basic Properties of Superconductor Abstract: Since human beings invented the electricity ，the electric power has played play a vital role in many fields. Is is equivalent to extract energy for supplying objects to produce other forms of energy form the change movement. However, there is no absolutely smooth space. It has consumed too much electric power along with the resistance. In order to seek the most efficient energy exchange (transportation), the development and research of super conductor has become extremely important.This paper mainly introduces the superconducting discovery, development. The physical properties of superconductivity, critical parameters and the relationship between each other, simply introduces the first I, II class superconductors. Expounds the superconducting phenomenological two fluid model, London phenomenological theory, Ginzburg - Landau theory and BCS superconductor theory. Finally the simple describes the application and in life superconductor future prospects. It will lead us into superconducting world, learning some relevant knowledge of superconductor. Keywords: energy exchange; superconductor; the critical parameters; superconducting theory; phenomenological two fluid 目 录 引言 ……………………………………………………………………1 一、超导现象的发现及发展…………………………………………2 二、超导体的物理性质和临界参数…………………………………3 （一）超导体的输运性质…………………………………………4 （二）超导体的磁学性质…………………………………………5 （三）超导体的热力学性质 …………………………………… 7 （四）临界参数及其之间的关系 ……………………………… 7 三、第I,II类超导体 …I类超导体……………………………………………… 9 （二）第II类超导体……………………………………9 四、超导体的相关理论 …………………………………………… 10 （一）唯象二流体模型 ………………………………………… 10 （二）London唯象理论 …………………………………………11 （三）Ginzburg—Landau理论……………………………………13 （四）BCS超导理论………………………………………………14 五、超导体的应用及未