地理坐标系与地图投影1要点.ppt

Reference Map Show locations of places and geographic features. Thematic Map Tell a story about the degree of an attribute, the pattern of its distribution, or its movement. Thematic Map Contour Maps (Isopleths) Isolines- Lines on a map depicting areas of same or like values. Contour maps use isolines, or contour lines, to depict where the same elevation exists. The?contour interval?of a contour map is the difference in elevation between successive contour lines. Contour Maps Proportional Symbols Map The proportional symbol technique uses symbols of different sizes to represent data associated with different areas or locations within the map. Proportional Symbols Map Proportional Symbols Map A dot may be used to locate each occurrence of a phenomenon. Where appropriate, a dot may indicate any number of entities, for example, one dot for every 100 voters. Dot Map Military families in Ohio Choropleth Map Shows statistical data aggregated over predefined regions, such as counties or states, by coloring or shading these regions. For example, countries with higher rates of infant mortality might appear darker on a choropleth map. Choropleth Map Cartogram A?cartogram?is a?map?in which some thematic mapping variable is substituted for land area or distance. The geometry or space of the map is distorted in order to convey the information of this alternate variable. Cartogram Cartogram Cartogram GIS map A geographic information system (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. GIS map GIS Map Location Chart Visualizations Visualizations Cognitive Map Mental map. Map drawn from memory. Map Projections and Types Cartography The art and science of making maps, including data compila