实用英语写作(基本技能讲义)摘要.ppt

篇章 P4-5 写作讲义 - 段落练习及答案 * 篇章 雅思阅读大作文（p144） 结构 介绍段（3句） 主题论述（2-3段，4-5句） 结论段（2句） * 类型 1. 观点类（采用两边讨论的方法更多些） To what extent do you agree or disagree? What is your opinion? 2. 讨论类 Discuss both views Discuss advantages and disadvantages 3. 问题类（不需讨论，只需阐述问题产生的原因和解决方法） * 如何写开头段 如何拓展中间段 如何写结论段 * 首段写作方法 大作文要求字数至少250 字，第一段最好写 3-5 句话，大约 40 字左右，切忌在第一段就掏心掏肺把什么话都说完。专家建议将题目中的背景信息及一些人的观点重新表达（ paraphrase ），方法如下 : 主动语态 = 被动语态 主谓宾 = 主系表 某些近义词互换 * 如何写开头段 第一句话：文章的背景（一般的介绍） 第二句话：改写题目（点明论题） 第三句话：个人立场或中间主体部分的简单描述 * 如何写背景句 首先，确定题目讨论哪个方面的问题，然后以这个问题为中心，写一句介绍性的话。 题目一：Some people who have been successful in the society don’t attribute their success to the theoretical knowledge they learn from their university. Do you agree or disagree? 该题目讨论的是 个人成功或着理论知识，那么围绕这几个单词写一个陈述句。 * 背景句一： People have long been interested in identifying the forces that contribute to personal achievement. 背景句二 The importance of theoretical knowledge to one’s success is a matter for debate. * 题目二：The advertising is discouraging people from being different individuals and makes people to be or seem to be the same. Do you agree or disagree? 该题目讨论的是广告的影响 背景句一： The influence of advertising on our buying behaviors is a subject matter. 背景句二： In recent years, much more attention than ever before has been paid to the influence of advertising on our buying behaviors. * 如何改写题目 第二句话是改写题目，点明论题。不要照抄题目，句子不要过长。(主动语态 = 被动语态;主谓宾 = 主系表; 某些近义词互换 ) 题目一： Do you think it is better to send criminals to jails or let them receive education or job training? 不好的写法：The treatment of criminals has been open to debate in recent years. Some people think that it is better to send criminals to jails than to let them receive education or job training * 三种改写方法： 1）加上常用句型 There is much controversy over whether to send criminals to jails or to let them receive education or job training. 2) 改变句子成分 --- Some people think that imprisonment is better than education or job training in treating criminals. 3) 改变句子成分的顺序 Some people think that to send crimina