高一英语上册知识网络复习19.docVIP

高一北师大版学案系列19 [ 名师讲堂 ] 重点语法 一、伴随状语???? 伴随状语在句子中是一个独立的成分,与主句的谓语动词相比,它具有同时性,但是意义地位较为次要,在句中充当状语,所以称为伴随状语。它在句中的位置比较灵活,可以放在句首,句中或句末。如:???? Slamming the door,she went out.???? The farmer, bringing his food, volunteered to go with us.???? He explores around the city, looking at every building.???? 现将能做伴随状语的情况归纳如下:???? 1. with的复合结构由with + 宾语+ 宾补构成的复合结构,在句中可作伴随状语。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当。如:???? She sat there alone with her eyes filled with tears.???? He soon fell asleep with the candle still burning.???? 2. 分词短语现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做伴随状语,现在分词短语与主句的主语在逻辑上是主谓关系,即表主动意义；而过去分词短语则与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,即表被动意义。如:???? The teacher hurried into the classroom, followed by a few students.???? A few students hurried into the classroom, following the teacher.???? 3. 形容词或形容词短语形容词或形容词短语做伴随状语时,通常表状态。如:???? He went to bed, cold and hungry.???? Steven stared at the footprint,full of fear.???? The old man was too excited, unable to say a word.???? 4. 独立主格结构分词短语作状语时,通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。如:???? He is standing on the playground, cigarette in mouth.???? Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay home looking after him.???? Hands held high, the dancers circled now to the right, now to the left. 二、倒装语序???? At the bottom of the bed was the stocking, now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets. (Module 1, Page 42)???? 此句为倒装句。英语中,如果句子的谓语动词位于主语之前,或使用与正常词序相反的语序,这种语序就称为倒装语序。倒装语序有两种:全部倒装,即将谓语放在主语之前；部分倒装,即将谓语的一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)移至主语前。具体情况如下:???? 1. 在时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的句子中,当句子以here, there, now, thus, then等副词开头且谓语多为be, go, come等时,要用全部倒装。如:???? There comes the bus.???? Here is your ticket, sir.???? 2. 当句子以out, in, up, down, off, away???? 等副词开头且谓语动词是表示移动的go, come, leave等时,要用全部倒装形式,通常用在一般过去时,用于生动描写动作,主语必须是名词。如:???? Away went the crowd one by one.???? Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse.???? 3. 表示地点、方位的状语放在句首且谓语动词是表示存在之意时,用全部倒装。如:???? Southeast of China lies Taiwan Strait. ???? From the window came a sound of music.???? 4. 含有否定意义的词或词组放在句首作状语(如not,