数控机床几类典型故障分析 毕业论文.doc

数控机床几类典型故障分析 Trouble Analysis of Certain Model Computer Numerical Control System 摘 要 数控机床是一种采用计算机技术新型的自动化机床，是机电一体化的产品。数控机床加工精度高、柔性好、效率高、可以加工形状非常复杂的工件，得到了广泛应用。由于数控机床技术先进构成复杂，设备容易出现问题，并且很多问题诊断、排除的难度都比较大。因此数控系统故障分析对提高数控机床的利用率和延长设备寿命有很大帮助。 论文针对目前应用较为广泛的几种数控系统的故障进行分析，在论文的前期翻阅了大量的资料，根据任务书的要求确定了论文总体思路。 在论文中对回参考点原理、回零方式及电源单元工作原理进行说明，介绍了数控机床故障诊断原则和诊断方法，重点介绍了回参考点故障、电源单元故障和无报警故障等三类故障。着重分析了故障产生原因和解决方法，列举了典型故障的分析过程和处理方法。 关键词：数控系统，故障分析，故障诊断，无报警故障  ABSTRACT CNC machine tool is a mechatronics kind automatic product which adopts the computer with new technology. The numerical control lathe has been used widely, because it can manufacat complicated shape and it has higher accuracy,good flexibility and higher efficiency. As CNC machine tool has advantage techniques and complicated composition, it go wrong easily and many trouble diagnosis and removing difficultly. So CNC system analysis is good for improving mechine tool utilization and equipment life-span. Tthesis has analyzed the troubles of several kinds of CNC system applicant widely. A large number of materials were browsed in early stage and overal design plan are confirmed according to the request of tast book. In the thesis, it detailed back to reference point priciple and method and power unit work principle, recommended the numerical control lathe trouble diagnosis principle and method. It introduces three kinds of troubles such as back to reference troubles, power unit troubles and no alarm troubles. It analyzed emphatically the trouble reason and solution, has enumerated the typical trouble analyis process and treatment method. Key wards: CNC system, trouble analyis ,trouble diagnosis, no alarm troubles 目 录 1 绪 论 1 1.1概述 1 1.2数控机床故障诊断原则 1 1.3数控机床故障诊断方法 2 2 参考点报警类故障分析 4 2.1数控机床返回参考点的必要性 4 2.2数控机床返回参考点的方式 4 2.2.1栅格法 4 2.2.2磁开关法 5 2.3数控机床回参考点故障诊断与分析 5 2.4回参考点故障实例分析 8 2.4.1回零动作过程异常，无法找到零点 8 2.4.2回零动作过程正常，所回零点不准确 8 3.系统电源单元故障分析 10 3.1电源单元输入电路工作原理 10 3.1.1 输入的主电路 11 3.1.2 输入的控制电路 11 3.1.3 电压监控和调整电路 11 3.2 电源单元输出工作原理 12 3.