4租船运输实务与法律-航次租船合同分析报告.ppt

预备航次 Preliminary Voyage 管货 装货/卸货/交付 Caring for Cargo Loading/Discharging/Delivery 履行航次: 绕航 Performance：Deviation 运费 Freight 留置权 Lien 装卸时间与滞期费 Laytime Demurrage 船舶抵达约定地点 特殊条款 SHELLVOY 6 Clause 13 “Time at each loading or discharging port shall commence to run 6 hours after the vessel is in all respects ready to load or discharge and written notice thereof has been tendered by the master or Owners’ agents to Charterers or their agents and the vessel is securely moored at the specified loading or discharging berth.” 船舶抵达约定地点 SHELLVOY 6 Clause 13 “However, if the vessel does not proceed immediately to such berth time shall commence to run 6 hours after (i) the vessel is lying in the area where she was ordered to wait or, in the absence of any such specific order, in a usual waiting area and (ii) written notice of readiness has been tendered and (iii) the specified berth is accessible.” 船舶准备就绪 只有在船舶实际状态和法律状态能够使得承租人立即为其目的使用船舶，船舶才能被称为“准备就绪” 实际状态：船舶设备、人员、货仓都已经准备好随时接受承租人指令 法律状态：为接受并履行承租人指令，船舶已经清关(clearance)并配备了相应的文件(documentation) 船舶准备就绪 案例 装货前检查货仓被上一批所装货物污染，必须熏舱之后才能装货。 在熏舱(fumigation)完成之前，船舶都不能被认为准备就绪。 船舶准备就绪 “I am ready at the moment you want me, whenever that may be, and any necessary preliminaries on my part to the loading will not be such as to delay you.” 船舶准备就绪 特别条款 BIMCO ISPS Clause Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in this Charter Party, the Vessel shall be entitled to tender Notice of Readiness even if not cleared due to applicable security regulations or measures imposed by a port facility or any relevant authority under the ISPS Code”. 装卸准备就绪通知书NOR 大部分航次租船合同都会规定，提交有效的NOR是装卸时间开始起算的前提 注意：部分合同会约定有效NOR被收到或接受，装卸时间才开始起算。请注意措辞！ 在考虑NOR是否有效时，必须对两种情况进行区分 NOR无效(invalid/untrue) NOR不符合合同约定(uncontractual) 装卸准备就绪通知书NOR 不符合合同约定的NOR 如果船舶抵达并已经准备就绪，但是NOR却没有在约定的时间段提交，或没有提交给约定的人，那么该NOR被成为不符合合同约定的NOR 当正确的人在正确的时间收到NOR时，NOR自动变为有效，不需要重新提交。 装卸准备就绪通知书NOR 无效NOR 如果船舶没有抵达或没有准备就绪，船长就提交了NOR，则该NOR属于无效NOR 除非承租人明确表示接收该NOR（承租人知道NOR无效），否则该NOR并不能自动变得有效，直到 船长提交了新的有效NOR 承租人无