翻译技巧 语法篇.pptVIP

技巧翻译语法分析长难句分析 语法篇 技巧翻译 常用句型 科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。例如“It---that---”结构句型；被动态结构句型结构句型；分词短语结构句型，省略句结构句型等。例如： 1）. So it is really this hydronium ion we are concerned with in an acid solution．解释：it是形式主语，we are concerned with in an acid solution是真正的主语。 2）. Regardless of how many atoms the element is composed , each atom has the samenumber of protons in its nucleus. 解释：Regardless of 不管。 3）. We use bicarbonates and carbonates for indigestion，as well as sulfites and nitrites to preserve foods． 解释：as well as 也，同样。 4）. This is because the usual oxidation state of cobalt in its simple salts is 2. 解释：This is because 是因为，原因是....... 5）. It is of interest to note that the reaction product may sometimes depend upon the particular oxidizing agent employed． 解释：It is of interest to note that…. 值得注意的一点是… 6）. Less common than preparation of complexes by the oxidation of the central metal ion is preparation by reduction to complexes of the metal on in a 1owet oxidation state． 解释：Less common than 比较不常见的是…… 7）It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。8）This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here .人们认为这种合金钢是这里能提供的最好的合金钢。 9）Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy.氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。 10）All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid ,are made of atoms .一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。 11）. Its wide use is based on the fact that a crystal formed from an impure solution is itself pure… “that”引导了同位语从句。 “formed from an impure solution”为过去分词短语做定语修饰 “a crystal”. 译文：广泛使用结晶操作是基于下列事实：由不纯的液体中所获得的晶体本身很纯… 12）. It is especially necessary that the crystals be of reasonable and uniform size. “It is necessary that…”句型中从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词常为 “should+v.” should可以省略。 译文：尤其重要的是要使晶体大小适当和均匀。 语法分析 I.非限定动词 英语上根据动词在句法上是否受到主语的限定，英语动词有可以分为限定动词(Finite Forms of Verbs)和非限定动词(Non-Finite Forms of Verbs)。非限定动词，又叫非谓语动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语（但可以和情态动词或助动词一起充当谓语），它们不受主语的限定，没有人称和数的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。同时非限