英汉对比与翻译6.ppt

What Is Language Transfer? Transfer is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been previously acquired . Odlin (1989: 27) 迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之间的相似和差异而产生的 影响。 奥德林 Two Types of Transfer Negative Transfer (负迁移) Errors arise from analogy. 类推会产生错误。 Positive Transfer （正迁移） Errors decrease by analysis. 分析能减少错误。 Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰) Causes: analogical use of one’s prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用 scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少 unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯 Examples of Negative Transfer 1. The writer likes writing at light (night). Phonological transfer (语音迁移) The sound /n/ does not exist in some Chinese dialects and /l/ serves as a substitute. 在有些中国方言（如南京方言）中没有/n/这个辅音，而用/l/来替代。 Examples of Negative Transfer 2. He only eat two meal a day. Morphological transfer （词形迁移） Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections in Chinese. 在汉语中，名词和动词都没有形态变化。 Examples of Negative Transfer 3. Shanghai is said to have thirteen million population. Collocation transfer (搭配迁移) The noun renkou, the Chinese equivalent of ‘population’, can have a numerical pre-modifier. Population的汉语对应词“人口”在汉语中可以用前置数词来修饰。 Examples of Negative Transfer 4. He suggested me to accept this offer . Syntactical transfer (句型迁移) The verb jianyi, the Chinese equivalent of ‘suggest’, can be used in VOC pattern in Chinese. Suggest的汉语对应词“建议”在汉语中可以用“动词+宾语+补语”的结构。 Examples of Negative Transfer 5. -- Your English is wonderful. -- No, no. My English is still poor. Pragmatic transfer (语用迁移) The negative reply to a compliment is considered in Chinese as modest and courteous.