English for the Oil Industry(石油英语教程).DOCVIP

The English for the Oil Industry PETROLEUM PROGRAMME 石油英语教程 BBC (ENGLISH) Contents Unit 1 The Rig(钻机) 3 Unit 2 Fishing Jobs（打捞工作） 11 Unit 3 Traps ＆ Geology（圈闭和地质） 20 Unit 4 Reservoir Fluids（油藏流体） 28 Unit 5 Natural Flow（自喷） 38 Unit 6 Blowout Control（井控） 47 Unit 7 Drives and Stimulation（驱油和增产措施） 55 Unit 8 Directional Wells（定向井） 64 Unit 9 Jobs on the Rig（钻井作业） 72 Unit 10 Gathering Centres（集输中心） 81 Unit 11 Downstream of Production(生产下游) 88 Unit 12 Primary ＆ Secondary Refining(粗炼和精炼) 97 Unit 13 Finishing Processes(精炼工艺) 105 Unit 14 Refinery Products(炼制产品) 113 Unit 15 Safety(安全) 122 Unit 16 Ways of Improving Recovery（提高原油采收率的方法） 131 Unit 17 Unconventional Sources of Oil（特殊石油资源） 139 Unit 18 Oil ＆ The Environment（石油与环境） 146 Unit 19 Oil Conservation（石油资源保护） 154 Unit 20 Into the Future（能源前景） 161 THE PETROLEUM PROGRAMME BBC (English) Unit 1 The Rig(钻机) Section A READING COMPREHENSION Read the following passage If there are any words or expressions that you dont understand，look under Special words and Expressions。 the diagrams will also help you。 Oil is contained in rocks under the ground and the sea。 *to find it(注1)，oilmen have to drill boreholes。 The equipment for drilling these holes is the drilling rig。 Most rigs work on the rotary system。 A bit rotates at the end of a pipe。 As the bit rotates， it cuts and crushes the rock at the bottom of the hole。 The cuttings are carried to the surface by a special fluid。 This fluid is called mud。 Mud is a mixture of clay，water and chemicals。 Look at the diagram of rotary rig。Notice the string。This*is made up of(注2) joints or singles。 Each joint or single is a hollow section of pipe， *30ft。Long(注3)。 The string is made up of *a number of these singles(注4)， all joined together。 The bit is connected to the bottom of the string。 At the top of the string there is a special pipe called the kelly。The kelly isnt ronud， but hexagona