The Elements of Style (第五版）.docVIP

TheElements of Style by William Strunk, Jr. Professor of EnglishCornell University Revised by John Woldemar Cowan Copyright ? 2006, 2007, 2008by John Cowan Based on the 1918 public domain version Published on the Internet at /~cowan/style-revised.html This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License. 1st edition ? ? Contents I. Introductory Revisers introduction.Authors introduction. II. Elementary Rules of Usage 1. Form the possessive of singular nouns with s.2. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last.3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas.4. Place a comma before and or but introducing an independent clause.5. Do not join independent clauses by a comma.6. Do not break sentences in two.7. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject.8. Hyphenate words in accordance with dictionaries and spelling-checkers. III. Elementary Principles of Composition 9. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic.10. As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning11. Use the active voice.12. Put statements in positive form.13. Omit needless words.14. Avoid a succession of loose sentences.15. Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form.16. Keep related words together.17. In summaries, keep to one tense.18. Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end. IV. A Few Matters of Form Headings.Numerals.Parentheses.Dashes.Quotations.References.Titles. V. Words and Expressions Commonly Misused Advice, advise.All right.Allusion.And which, and who. As good or better than.As to whether.Bid.But.Case.Character.Compare.Continual, continuous.Effect, affect.Etc.Fact.Factor, feature.Formerly, formally.He, he or she, they.He is a man who.Kind of.Lay.Less.Line, along these lines.Literal, literally.Most.Nature.Of.One hundred and