Mycology教程分析.ppt

* * * * * Macrophage; systemic; mycotoxin * Candida albicans (白假丝酵母菌) * amphotericin B (两性霉素B), anticandine (制霉菌素), miconazole (咪康唑), ketoconazole (酮康唑) and so on. * * The major clinical manifestations for fungal diseases: ◇Hypersensitivity 超敏反应：an allergic reaction to molds and spores. ◇Mycotoxicosis真菌毒素中毒: poisoning of human and animals by foods and feeds contaminated with mycotoxins. ◇Infectious diseases: caused by exogenous pathogenic fungi 致病性 or endogenous fungi (opportunistic infections) 机会致病性. ◇Inducing tumors: Some mycotoxins can induce tumors (e.g., aflatoxin黄曲霉毒素produced by Aspergillus flavus causes liver cancer). * Anti-fungus Immunity fungal Infectious diseases * In general, humans have a high level of innate immunity to fungi and most of the fungal infections are mild and self-limiting. Exogenous pathogens Opportunistic pathogens * For the exogenous pathogenic fungi, the caused infections are classified according to the tissue levels: A.?Superficial mycoses 表皮真菌病 B.?Systemic mycoses 全身性真菌病 Tinea Versicolor花斑癣  A. Superficial mycoses: the infections limited to the out layers of skin and hair. Common superficial mycosis: Tinea Versicolor Common superficial fungal infection that is seen worldwide. In certain tropical environments, it may affect up to 60% of the population. Caused by Malassezia furfur 糠秕状鳞斑癣菌 Tinea Versicolor Worldwide distribution: Most common in tropical climates. More prevalent in summer months in temperate climates. Presents most often in young adults (20-40 years of age). F:M = 2:1. Human infection is thought to result from the direct or indirect transfer of infected keratinous material from one person to another. Tinea Versicolor Chronic multiple irregular areas of hypo- or hyper-pigmentation. Color varies from pink to yellow, yellow-brown, or even dark brown in dark-skinned patients. In fair skinned individuals, lesions can appear hyperpigmented – brown o