8月18号,句子的成分与基本句型.docVIP

句子的成分和基本句型 1、主语 subject ：句子说明的人或事物，主语一般位于句首。 Lucy likes her new bike We work hard 2、谓语：说明主语做什么或怎么样，通常由动词充当，动词常分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。 We love China She seems tired. 情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 They can speak English. They are playing over there 系动词 状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词 He is a teacher 持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep，remain，stay He always kept silent at the meeting 表像系动词，用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem，appear，look He looks tired He seems very sad 感官系动词，主要有feel，smell，sound，taste This flower smells very sweet 变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come He became mad after that 终止系动词，表示主语已经终止动作，主要有prove，turn out His plan turned out a success 3、宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么，一般放在及物动词或介词后面 We study Enlish He is looking at the dog 双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语 He gave me two books 4、表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句，用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态 The trees turn green The flower is beautiful 5、定语：用来修饰名词 This is a red car The woman doctor is my wife The man in front of the gate is Mr.li 6、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等 John often came to chat with me (程度，目的) As he was ill, he didn’t came to class yesterday(原因) She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework (地点，伴随 ) My father worked in this school ten years ago ( 地点，时间 ) Though he is young ,he knows a lot ( 让步 ) He came running ( 方式 ) 7、补语：用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征 Everyone calls him Jack （宾补） He is called Jack （主补） 8、同位语：位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明 The Great Wall , one of the wonders in the world , attracts a large number of foreign friends 动词可分为及物动词：后面可直接加宾语，有被动形式 不及物动词：后面不可直接加宾语，没有被动形式 基本句型 主语 + 不及物动词 Tom died. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 We study English 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 He is a teacher 主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾 + 直宾 I gave him some money I gave some money to him 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 We think the job easy. 练一练 I remem