第十八章机械振动基础资料精要.ppt

1 　 (1) ? =0时 (2) 时，振幅b随? 增大而增大；当 时， (3) 时，振动相位与激振力相位反相，相差 。 b 随? 增大而减小； ? — 振幅比或称动力系数 ? — 频率比 ?—? 曲线 幅频响应曲线 （幅频特性曲线） 1 　 At resonance we get 4. Resonance then n w w =  b is the infinite( ), this phenomenon is called resonance. If 　 4、共振现象 ，这种现象称为共振。 此时， §18-5 Damped forced vibration of a system with one degree of freedom 1. Differential equation of a damped forced vibration and its solution. This equation is the differential equation of a damped forced vibration in standard form. It is a linear inhomogeneous differential equation of second order. Its solution is Dividing both sides of the last equation by m and introducing the notations we obtain 　 §18-5 单自由度系统的有阻尼强迫振动 一、有阻尼强迫振动微分方程及其解 将上式两端除以m ，并令 有阻尼强迫振动微分方程的标准形式，二阶常系数非齐次微分方程。 — the amplitude of the forced vibration. e is the phase shift of the forced vibration, the difference to the phase of the disturbing force. The total solution of the differential equation of the vibration is damped vibration forced vibration in the case of small resistance and x2 is a particular solution of the complete equation 　 where x1 is the general solution of the corresponding linear homogeneous equation Substituting this expression into the differential equation in standard form we obtain 　 x1是齐次方程的通解 小阻尼： （A、? 积分常数，取决于初始条件） x2 是特解： 代入标准形式方程并整理 — 强迫振动的振幅 — 强迫振动相位滞后激振力相位角 振动微分方程的全解为 衰减振动 强迫振动 　 At the beginning of the vibration, the process with both the natural and the forced vibration simultaneously, is called the transient process. The other process of forced vibration after the transient process, is called the stable state process. It is the subject to be discussed in detail. 2. Effect of resistance on forced vibration. frequency ratio, the amplitude ratio and the resistance ratio n n n b b w z b w w l = = = and