A Contrastive Study of Motivation of Words in English and Chinese 词汇的理据性对比.pptVIP

A Contrastive Study of Motivation of Words in English and Chinese 词汇的理据性对比 Motivation: In linguistics, motivation means certain relationships that exist between the form of a word (symbol) and its meaning (referent). 词的理据：是指用某个词称呼某事物的理由和依据，即某事物为什么获得这个名字的原因。它主要研究词和事物命名特征之间的关系。 Classification of Motivation: 1. Phonetic (onomatopoeic) Motivation: formed by imitating the sound in nature. It is realized in the relation between phonological form and its meaning. According to Stephen Ullmann, Onomatopoeic Formation can be divided into Primary Onomatopoeia (complete imitation of sounds in nature: cukoo, ding-dong, swish, buzz ) and Secondary Onomatopoeia (partly imitation of the natural sounds: quiver, wriggle, sloppy) . 2. Morphological (logical ) motivation: Morphological motivation lies in the morphological structure of the word. That is, the meaning of a word can be inferred from the meaning of the component morphemes 词素、语素. E.g. international. 3. Semantic motivation: based on association made in peoples minds. Generally speaking, semantic motivation can be realized through rhetorical devices such as simile, metaphor, analogy, metonymy, etc. (rabbit ear: V字形天线； mouse鼠标, memory内存) Contrastive study of primary onomatopoeic words in English and Chinese  coo (咕咕) 鸽子叫声 德：kuckuck 俄：kukushka 法：coucou howl（嗥）狼叫声 mew (喵) 猫叫声 giggle, gurgle (咯咯) 人笑声 bang (砰) 撞击声 ding dong (叮当) 金属碰撞声 hem and haw (哼哈) 踌躇，支吾声 wheeze (呼哧) 喘息声 1) 对于英汉语言来说，这种差异可能表现在对同一种声音的不同摹拟上，也可能表现在声音与拟声词的非对应关系上，即一个拟声词可能是对若干种不同声音的模拟，而一种声音也可能用若干不同的拟声词来描绘 buzz(嗡嗡) (蜂苍蝇等)嗡嗡声 crash（哗啦) 物体倾倒的声音 babble（咕嘟) 水沸腾、涌出的声音 drip- drop(滴滴嗒嗒) 滴水声 murmur(汩汩，潺潺) 水流动声; (咕哝）低语声 rat- tat (梆梆) 敲打木头声 splash (扑通) 重物落水声 whistle （嘀嘀) 笛声 peal (隆隆） 雷声 whiz (嗖嗖）子弹 hiss (淅淅沥沥）雨声 rustle (沙沙）风声 crack (劈啪）爆裂声 chatter (唧唧喳喳）不停的说话声 croak (咕咕；呱呱）青蛙 一个拟声词可能是对若干种不同声音的模拟，而一种声音也可能用若干不同的拟声词来描绘 squeak; peep; rattle老鼠 Bay, snarl, growl, howl, whine 狗叫声 2) 逼真度rustle is used to imitate “刷 哗啦 刷拉 飒飒 瑟瑟” ; rumble for “轰