中国循环经济发展模式.docVIP

中国的循环经济发展模式 毛玉如 博士 国家清洁生产中心 循环经济是对物质闭环流动型经济的简称。循环经济是一种“促进人与自然的协调与和谐”的经济发展模式，它要求以“减量、再用、循环”（3R）为社会经济活动的行为准则，运用生态学规律把经济活动组织成一个“资源→产品→再生资源”的反馈式流程，实现“低开采、高利用、低排放”，以最大限度利用进入系统的物质和能量，减少污染排放、提升经济运行质量和效益。 1999年以来，在中国经济快速增长带来的资源环境压力及国际环保新思潮的影响下，国家环保总局将发展循环经济、建设生态工业园区作为实现区域可持续发展、经济和环境双赢的一个重要举措，在全国范围内，从不同的层次、角度和领域，在发展循环经济方面进行了理论的探索和实践的尝试。 目前，总局主持通过论证了1个国家生态工业示范园区建设，同时正在进行5个循环经济试点的工作。在生态工业示范园区建设和循环经济试点的基础上，结合中国的特色，初步总结形成了《生态工业园评价指标体系》和《循环经济市评价指标体系》，逐步将中国循环经济和生态工业的建设引入科技含量高、规范和高效的轨道。 为了总结现阶段循环经济试点、示范的经验，进一步推动各地循环经济工作的开展，根据目前总局开展试点的生态工业示范园区的行业和区域特点及总局2005年度工作计划，首期选择钢铁冶炼、盐化工、磷化工、铝业等四个行业以及综合类园区编写《循环经济发展模式》。预计2005年8月颁布实施。《循环经济发展模式》的编写内容包括：行业/园区发展现状、行业/园区循环经济发展潜力、行业/园区发展循环经济典型模式、保障措施分析和案例等五个部分。The Development Pattern of China’s Circular Economy Dr. MAO Yuru CHINA NATIONAL CLEANER PRODUCTION CENTER Circular Economy (CE) is the economy development pattern promoting the correspondence and harmony between human beings and nature. It is required in CE concept that “Reduce, Reuse and Recycle” should be regarded as the principle of social economic activities. To realize “low exploration, high utilization and low emission”, the economic activities should be organized into a reactive flow of “resource — product — regenerative resource”. In this way should the substance and energy entering into the system be furthest utilized. Then the pollutant emission will be reduced and the economic operation quality together with efficiency will be improved. CE concept has developed in China as a strategy for reducing the demand of its economy upon natural resources as well as the damage it causes to natural environments. China’s rapid industrialization in the last decades has engendered serious problems of depletion of natural resources, degradation of major ecosystems, and pollution extending far beyond its borders. Development based on CE concept will be essential for China to reach an overall well-off society by sustaining fast-paced economic growth while mitigating negative ecological impact and c