Myers+Psy01批判性地思考心理科学 (minimizer)课件.pptVIP

Description Naturalistic Observation observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation Correlation Correlation Coefficient a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus how well either factor predicts the other Correlation Scatterplot a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables the slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship the amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation little scatter indicates high correlation also called a scattergram or scatter diagram Correlation Correlation Correlation Scatterplot of Height and Temperament Correlation Three Possible Cause-Effect Relationships Illusory Correlation Illusory Correlation the perception of a relationship where none exists Two Random Sequences Your chances of being dealt either of these hands is precisely the same: 1 in 2,598,960. Experimentation Experiment an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe their effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable) by random assignment of participants the experiment controls other relevant factors Experimentation Placebo an inert substance or condition that may be administered instead of a presumed active agent, such as a drug, to see if it triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent Double-blind Procedure both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo commonly used in drug-evaluation studies Experimentation Experimental Condition the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable Control Condition the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental treatment serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment