托福阅读背景材料：人体脑白金.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料 托福阅读背景材料：人体脑白金 摘要： 托福阅读背景材料：人体脑白金。小马过河托福频道为各位考生整理供各位考生参考使用，下面就请大家跟随小编一起来了解这些背景知识吧。  褪黑素与我们的睡眠质量密切相关，下面的新 托福 考试阅读资料要讨论的就是褪黑素有助睡眠的原因。  Melatonin, sometimes called “the hormone of darkness,” plays an important role in regulating our daily sleep patterns. This hormone is produced by our bodies and in most organisms melatonin production is higher during the night than during the day.  In addition to their body’s own melatonin, many people take melatonin supplements in an attempt to help them sleep, fight jet lag or balance out seasonal affective disorder.  Melatonin And Memories  But a study by a group of scientists at the University of Houston suggests that melatonin might have a negative impact on the ability to form new memories.  The researchers were interested in how the body’s internal clock affects the formation of new memories. They found that small striped minnows called zebra fish learned very well during the day but very poorly at night, when melatonin levels are higher.  They wondered if melatonin played a role in learning and memory.  Melatonin And Learning  They treated zebra fish with extra melatonin during the day, boosting the hormone levels to night-time amounts.  They discovered that high melatonin did not affect learning per se, but dramatically reduced the fishes’ ability to form new memories, or to remember what they’d learned.  Then the scientists inhibited melatonin activity in the fish. They did this by blocking melatonin receptors with inhibitory drugs. The fishs’ melatonin levels were unchanged, but the ability of melatonin to affect the brain was blocked.  Blocking Melatonin  With melatonin activity blocked, the ability of the fish to form new memories was drastically improved, even at night.  This research has potential benefits for humans. For example, the use of melatonin receptor blockers could improve performan