生理盐水恒温控制系统设计重点分析.doc

摘 要 温度是工业、农业、化工等各领域最常遇到的一个物理量。随着电子技术的发展，使得人类不断探索在各领域各环节中对温度的智能控制，工业上通过对冶炼过程中炉温的控制来进行钢铁的热处理；农业上通过控制温室大棚里的温度来保证蔬菜、水果能够良好的生长；医学上也需要在恒温的状态下来进行细菌培养、放射免疫分析、血清溶化以及保持生理盐水的恒温状态。可见，如何准确的对温度进行精确的测量并进行相应的智能控制，关系到国民生产的有效进行。生理盐水是医学上常用的一种溶液，不同温度值的生理盐水可以用于不同的病理、生理研究。或者说在进行某一项医学手术时，用于手术方面的生理盐水的温度会影响到病人的生命的后期恢复情况，甚至影响病人的生命体征。所以很有必要对生理盐水的恒温控制方法及硬件实现进行分析和研究，旨在通过这一研究，实现对生理盐水的恒温控制。 本文通过对生理盐水恒温控制的方法入手，提出了生理盐水恒温控制系统的总体设计方案。以温度传感器DS18B20进行温度采集，以单片机AT89C51为控制核心，通过控制固态继电器的开和关，从而实现对升温和降温的控制，使生理盐水处于一个恒定温度的环境下。系统分为硬件控制系统和软件系统，硬件控制系统包括温度采集模块、温度控制模块、键盘显示模块等；软件系统则主要用于对整个系统的控制。最后利用PROTEUS仿真软件对整个系统进行了仿真，实现了对温度的恒定控制，并在温度超限时能够及时的报警，通知医护人员进行人工干预，达到了预期的设计效果。 【关键词】单片机、DS18B20、恒温控制、仿真 Abstract Temperature is a physical quantity which is used to industry, agriculture, chemical and medical etc. With the development of electronic technology, the intelligent control to the temperature is studied and explored in each procedure in the field by human. In industry, the temperature of iron and smelting process is steeled by controlling in the heat treatment. The temperature is control in greenhouse to ensure vegetable, fruit to good growth in the agriculture. It also need to constant state of bacterial culture, radioimmunoassay, serum melted and keep the saline temperature state in medicine. Therefore, how to accurate the temperature and realize the intelligent control is related to the effective national production. Normal saline is a common solution of medical. The value of the temperature can be used to study in physiological and physiological. Or in a medical operation, it can be affect to the patients later life recovery, and even affect the patients vital signs by the difference of the saline’s temperature. So it is necessary to analyze the control method and the hardware realization to the temperature of the saline. Through this research, saline will be control to a constant temperature. A general design scheme of the saline water temperature control system is put forward in this paper focused on the metho