多元多项式与代数几何初步__09_03_31.pptVIP

Multi-polynomials and Elementary Algebraic Geometry Further examples are the special linear group , the orthogonal group , the symplectic group . Theorem. (Weak Nullstellensatz). Let be an ideal different from . Then is non-empty. Example. Another example of affine algebraic set is the general linear group To see that is an affine algebraic set, we consider affine space with coordinates And . The set Example 2. Let us consider the following varieties Remarks . (1) The function V is decreasing: that is (2) Let and be the ideal generated by . Then (3) Since is Noetherian, every ideal is finitely generated: , and hence every affine algebraic set is defined by a finite number of equations The sets of the form are called hypersurfaces. Therefore, every affine algebraic set is a finite intersection of hypersurfaces. (4) Note that two polynomials can define the same affine algebraic set. For instance, in , (5) A point of is an affine algebraic set: if , then (6) An arbitrary intersection of affine algebraic sets is an affine algebraic set: (7) A finite union of affine algebraic sets is an affine algebraic set. It is enough to prove this for the union of two sets defined by ideals I and J. We now prove that (8) It follows from (5) and (7) that any finite set is an affine algebraic set. Definition. Zariski topology. Remarks (6) and (7) above show that the affine algebraic sets are the closed sets of a topology on , which we call the Zariski topology. Of course, any subset of inherits an induced top