教务处通识课程LectureCarriageofGoodsbySeaandMarineCargoInsurance分析.pptVIP

教务处通识课程LectureCarriageofGoodsbySeaandMarineCargoInsurance分析.ppt

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承运人签发提单,表明提单上所记载的货物已经在其接管之下。提单上通常载有:(1)货物的数量或重量;(2)货物的表面状况;(3)货物的主要标志。当提单在托运人手中时,根据《海牙规则》第3条第4款,提单应作为承运人按提单上记载收到货物的初步证据,如承运人有确实的证据证明其收到的货物与提单上的记载不符,则可否定提单的证据效力。 根据《海牙一维斯比规则》第1条第1款对《海牙规则》第3条第4款的补充:“但是提单如转让至善意受让人手中,即作为对承运人有约束力的最终证据”。即使承运人能够提出有效证据以证明其实际接受或装船的货物与提单所载内容不符,也不得借此对抗善意的提单受让人,而应按提单上的记载如实向提单持有人交付货物。 本案中,提单在承运人与收货人之间是最终证据,承运人应当向收货人承担货物短缺责任。 COMPANY LOGO 3) Bill of lading is a document which represents the possession of goods shipped;货物所有权的凭证 Note: The transfer of B/L does not necessarily mean the transfer of property in the goods in transit. 3. Laws Concerning Bills of Lading 1)The Hague Rules (International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading) Aiming to reconcile the interests among shipowners, cargo owners and insurers Attaching importance to the protection of the carriers’ interests 2)The Hague-Visby Rules Complaint from shippers, especially smaller shippers from developing countries, about the Hague’ excessive limitations to carrier‘s liability This resulted extensive revision on the Hague Rules in l968, known as the Hague-Visby Rules. So far, only a few countries have adopted it. COMPANY LOGO 3)Hamburg Rules The United Nations in 1978 completed drafting a new Convention known as the Hamburg Rules. These rules are different from the Hague Rules not relieving the carrier from errors in navigation or in the management of the ship making ocean carriers liable for losses resulting from negligence making it easier for cargo owners to win their cases against carriers Hamburg Rules serve the interests of cargo owners and shippers in developing countries that do not have large carrier fleets. 4)Maritime Code of the People‘s Republic of China It came into force on July 1, 1997. China maritime code has transplanted into it a number of international conventions. COMPANY LOGO 4. Key Issues Related to Bill of Lading 1) Carrier’s Duties 适航、管货(P177-180) 2) Carrier’s Immunities Art. 4 (2) of the Hague Rules: Neither th

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