第十章心理语言学材料.pptVIP

Psycholinguistics The Brain Is Wider Than The SkyEmily Dickinson 大脑比天空辽阔， 因为，把它们放在一起， 前者能轻松地 包容后者，还有你。 大脑比海洋更深， 因为，把它们比一比，蓝对蓝 前者能吸收后者， 像吊桶，也像海绵。 大脑和上帝重量一致， 因为，把它们称一称，磅对磅， 它们，如果有区别， 就像音乐不同于音响。 1.General Introduction Definition Current issues of psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics The psychology of Language Objective of psycholinguistics The basic objective of psycholinguistics is to understand how the human mind/brain supports the learning, comprehension, and production of language. Understanding the whole process of language acquisition and stages of linguistic development Understanding the process of language production and language comprehension Getting a rough idea of the language loss Starting doing some simple researches in psycholinguistics The research scope of psycholinguistics 语言过程和语言学知识 心理语言学研究包括两个核心问题： 1、使用语言需要什么语言知识？ 意会知识：如何实施各种行动的知识。 外显知识：在这些行动中所使用的过程或者机制方面的知识。 语言知识的四大领域：语义学、句法学、音位学、语用学 2、日常语言的使用牵涉到什么认知过程？ 认知过程指知觉、记忆和思维之类的过程。 Subjects Normal children Normal adults Aphasics Contents Language comprehension Language production Language acquisition (Chapter 14 SLA) Researches 2.Language comprehension 2.1 Word recognition Frequency Effects Recency Effects Context Semantic Association Network 2.2 Lexical ambiguity 2.3 Syntactic processing Garden Path: Garden Path sentences are sentences that are initially interpreted with a different structure than they actually have. It typically takes quite a long time to figure out what the other structure is if the first choice turns out to be incorrect. Sometimes people never figure it out. They have been “led up the garden path,” fooled into thinking the sentence has a different structure than it has. 2.4 Semantic and sentence memory 2.5 Basic processes in reading Some factors on word recognition Frequency Effects Recency Effects Proficiency Age Grammar Context Semantic Association Network Schemata Schemata refer to the meaning packets of stored knowledge. The features of schemata are as follows