英语：Module 1 Grammar 1Passive voice课件（外研版必修3）.pptVIP

Example: ---- The Sagrada Fimilia was designed by an English architect (Spanish) ---- No, it wasn’t. It was designed by a Spanish architect. * Passive voice 被动语态的定义： 语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。 被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。 一. 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时 ① Paper is made from wood. ② He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 ① Books and newspapers in the  reading room mustn’t be taken  away. ② He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3. 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 ① The construction of the new lab must  be completed by the end of next  month. ② Electricity is used to run machines. 二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式，被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj.不带by短语。 ① The question is settled. (系表结构) ② Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) ③ The composition is well written. (系表结构) ④ The composition is written with great care. (被动语态) 2. 许多verbs (broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.，也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词，句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。 ① I was worried about you all night. (表状态) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作) ② The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken. (表状态) 三. 不同形式的被动语态 1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时可将其中一个宾语变为主语另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。 He showed me his pictures. I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was made for me by aunt. 2. 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。 (1) 将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。 They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi. (2) make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. 使役动词后做宾补的不 定式一般不加to, 变为被动, 必须加to。 (1) My brother often made me do this and that when I was young. (2) I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night. I was often