腹部解剖学讲义要点.pptVIP

局部解剖学（十四） 腹部的局部解剖与操作（1） 主要内容 Main Content 境 界 与 分 区 The boundary and region 表 面 解 剖 The surface anatomy 腹 前 外 侧 壁 The Anterolateral Abdominal Wall 一、境界与分区Boundary and Region 1. 腹部的境界 2. (固有)腹腔的境界 上界：膈 下界：骨盆上口 3A. 腹部的分区 3B. 腹部的分区 二、表 面 解 剖The Surface Anatomy 体表标志 Surface landmark 表面投影 Surface projection 1.骨性标志 2. 软 组 织 标 志 3.体表投影 三、腹 前 外 侧 壁The Anterolateral Abdominal Wall 浅层结构 Superficial structures 深层结构 Deep structures The layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall （一）浅 层 结 构The superficial structures 皮肤 Skin 浅筋膜 Superficial fascia 1. Skin: thinner and more elastic 薄而富有弹性 Camper 筋膜 2. Superficial fascia：主要由脂肪和疏松结缔组织组成。 Scarpa 筋膜 深层称为Scarpa` fascia，是富有弹性纤维的膜性层，在中线附于白线，向下在腹股沟下方约一横指处，紧附于股部的深筋膜，在耻骨结节之间，越过耻骨联合向下至会阴，与会阴浅筋膜（Colles筋膜）相延续。 浅 筋膜 2. Superficial fascia Superficial fascia consists of a layer of connective tissue that contains a variable amount of fat. Above the level of umbilicus, it is a fatty layer. In the inferior part of the anterolateral wall, the subcutaneous tissue is composed of two layers, the fatty outer layer, known as Camper`s fascia, and the membranous inner layer, the Scarpa` fascia. The Scarpa` fascia: 1) is attached to linea alba medially. 2) continuse downwards cross the inguinal ligament to blend with the fascia lata of the thigh about 1.5cm below the inguinal ligament. 3) is continuous with the superficial fascia of the perineum (Colles’ fascia). 浅动脉、浅静脉、皮神经 （二）深层结构 The Deep Structures 肌肉层次 Muscular layer 血管、淋巴及神经 Vessels, lymph and nerve 腹横筋膜 Transversalis fascia 腹膜下筋膜 Extraperitoneal fascia 壁腹膜 Parietal peritoneum 1. 肌层 The Muscular layer 前外侧群 The Anterolateral Group The three flat muscles are the: 腹外斜肌 external oblique muscle 腹内斜肌 internal oblique muscle 腹横肌 transversus abdominis： 腹直肌 rectus abdominis 锥状肌 pyramidalis （1）腹外斜肌 external oblique muscle 腹股沟管皮下环 superficial inguinal ring:内侧脚medial crus、外侧脚lateral crus、脚间纤维intercrural fibers. 腹股沟韧带inguinal ligament、腔隙韧带lacu