第五章+液体在管道中流动的基础知识.ppt

* * 第五章 液体在管道中流动的基础知识（Basics of Hydraulic Flow in Pipes） 5.1概述（INTRODUCTION） 迄今为止我们还没有研究液体在管道中流动时由于摩擦而产生的能量损失的机理。液体是直观的，像水和汽油，它们比像油液这样高粘度的液体容易流动。流动的这个阻尼实质上是液体粘度的度量标准。粘度越大的流体越不容易流动也就是流动所需的能量越大。这些能量的减少是因为它散失成了热及代表了损耗的能量（Up to now we have not investigated the mechanism of energy losses duo to friction associated with the flow of a fluid inside a pipe. It is intuitive that liquid, such as water or gasoline, flow much more readily than do heavier liquids such as oil. The resistance to flow is essentially a measure of the viscosity of the fluid. The great