全新版大学英语第四册综合教程课文.docVIP

⑴The Icy Defender(n.保卫者) 1. In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor（n.皇帝；君主） of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland（n.祖国；家乡）. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating （a.毁灭性的）enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw（a.阴冷的；生的；未加工的）, bitter, bleak（a.寒冷刺骨的；凄凉的） Russian winter. 2. In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched（vt.开始；发射） an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitlers military might was unequaled(a.无比的). His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign(n.战役；运动) but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers. Napoleons Campaign 3. In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders(n.边界（地区）) of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient(a.效率高的), and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest(n.征服，战胜) of Russia in five weeks. 4. Shortly afterwards, Napoleons army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive(a.决定性的；果断的) victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated(vi.退却) eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged(v.（使）陷入泥潭;阻碍) down（陷入泥潭；不能前进） 5. In August, the French and Russian armies engaged(v.与……交战；占用（时间、精力等）) at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial(a.至关重要的) decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolens