基于单片机的电能计量系统设计..docVIP

摘 要 电能是现代社会中国民经济和人民生活的重要保障，随着社会的快速发展往往导致电能的供应与使用之间产生矛盾。为了解决这一矛盾，电能计量的分时计费方式可以通过调节人们的用电行为，对提高电能利用的合理性和缓解电力供需矛盾具有重要价值。但是传统的机电式电能表无法执行分时计量和分时计费的功能，因此基于单片机技术设计的新型数字电表是实现新型电能管理方式的前提。 本文提出了一种以AT89C51为核心的电量计量系统，单片机通过AD7751对电网的电压和电流取样，经过内部处理后以频率的形式输出，送给单片机测量频率，计算出有功功率，对时间进行积分后便可得到电能；时钟芯片DS1302提供当前的时间信息，单片机将电量、电费和时间数据送LCD显示，用户可通过独立键盘对系统的工作状态进行操作，包括时间的设定、时间与电量及电费的显示、过去时刻的电量和电费查询等。本设计中电压电流采集电路具有特色和成本优势；探索了利用AT89C51的有限硬件资源与软件的有机结合实现实时钟和串行通信等接口的设计方法；以电能表为对象，重点探讨了基于低功耗单片机的低功耗仪表的基本原理和设计技术，对其它低功耗仪表的设计具有参考价值。 关键词：电能表，AT89C51单片机，低功率设计，硬软件合成，AD7751单片机 Abstract The electric energy is a guarantee to national economy and daily life in modern society. With the fast development of the society, contradiction between the demand and production of electrical energy occurs. Time-scheduled tariff system, that changes users behavior in energy consuming and rationalizes the electrical energy utilization, is an effective and valuable measure to solve this problem. For the energy measurement the traditional mechanical electricity meter no longer can meet the requirements of this new tariff system, and microcontroller-based digital E-meter becomes the prerequisite and backbone of this tariff system. This paper presents a AT89C51 power metering system as the core, microcontroller through the AD7751 on the grid voltage and current sampling, after internal processing after output in the form of frequency, given the frequency measurement microcontroller to calculate the active power, integration of time available after power, clock chip DS1302 provides the current time information, the processor will power, electricity and time of data sent to LCD display, separate keyboard, the user can work on the state of the system operation, including setting time, time and power and the tariff, in the past hour of electricity and electricity inquiries. The design of voltage and current acquisition circuits with features and cost advantages; Design methods that integrates the AT89C51s limited hardware and software