华工经济学原理企业行为与产业组织教材.ppt

判断题 1．三级价格差别的定价参考依据是不同分市场的不同的需求价格弹性。 （ ） √ 2、凡是垄断企业，对于社会都是弊大于利。（ ） 2、 × 3、超过一定数量的产品单价降低也可视为购买的所有产品平均价格降低。 （ ） 3. √ * * * In this example, the firm is not charging different prices to different customers, but charging different prices to the same customer based on that customer’s declining willingness to pay for additional units. * * That long-run profits are zero follows from free entry/exit. The market power of a monopolistic competitor follows from the fact that it sells a product that is at least somewhat different from products sold by other firms. The D curve facing a monopolistically competitive firm is downward-sloping because the firm has a bit of market power and sells a unique variety. * * For monopolistic competition, free entry/exit drives profits to zero in the long run. In contrast, barriers to entry prevent the monopolist’s profits from being driven to zero. A monopoly is the sole seller of a product with no close substitutes. In contrast, the monopolistic competitor sells a product with many close substitutes. As a result, demand for the monopolist’s product is less elastic than demand for the monopolistic competitor’s product. * * In the preceding two chapters, we studied the two extremes of the competition spectrum. This chapter focuses on monopolistic competition, one of the market structures in between the two extremes. Examples of each market type: Perfect competition: wheat, milk Monopoly: tap water, cable TV Oligopoly: tennis balls, cigarettes Monopolistic competition: novels, movies * * Another important dimension of product differentiation, not emphasized in the book, is location. Gasoline seems like an undifferentiated product, yet different gas stations charge different prices. How can some gas stations get away with charging 5 or even 10 cents more per gallon? The answer is product differentiation by location. Imagine you’re driving home in rush-hour traffic from a grueling 10-hour day