poverty 贫穷-英语课presentation用.pptVIP

poverty 1.definition 2.problems 3.solutions 1. The definition of poverty 1.1 Absolute poverty 1.2 relative poverty 1.3 The sociology of poverty 2.1 health problem 2.2 education 2.3 housing 2.4 violence 3. poverty reduction strategies 1.The definition of poverty ——the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions —— poverty is the of getting choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow one’s food or a job to earn one’s living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. 1.1 Absolute poverty Absolute poverty refers to the deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation（环境卫生）, clothing, shelter, health care and education. standard：the dollar a day poverty line extreme poverty: live on less than $1.25 per day moderate poverty:less than $2 or $5 a day (Each nation has its own poverty line.) World Bank data shows that the percentage of the population living in households with consumption（消费） or income per person below the poverty line has decreased in each region of the world since 1990 1.1 Absolute poverty 1.1 Absolute poverty Relative poverty views poverty as socially defined and dependent on social context, hence relative poverty is a measure of income inequality. Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of population with income less than some fixed proportion of median（中值） income. individuals can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditi