英语写作避免写作中的性别歧视.docVIP

E-SAY英语 英语写作：避免写作中的性别歧视 1. 尽量不要用通性代词he，除了明确地指代一个男性人物时，都要设法避免使用这个词。可以根据语境需要，选用下列替换方式： 1)采用复数形式。 Sexist: When bathing a baby, never leave him unattended. Revised: When bathing babies, never leave them unattended. 给婴儿洗澡时，一定要时刻在他们旁边照管。 2)用we/us/our改写原句。 Sexist: From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs. Revised: From each of us according to our abilities, to each of us according to our needs. 各尽所能，按需分配。 3)改用第二人称。 Sexist: No man knows his true character until he has run out of gas, purchased something on an installment plan and raised an adolescent. Revised: You dont know what your true character is until you have run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent. 只有当汽车没油、分期付款购物和抚养青春期的孩子时，人的本来品性才会显露出来。 4)改用被动语态。 Sexist: One who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both. Revised: One who, when given the choice of two evils, chooses both. 当面对两种罪恶要做出选择的时候就两个都选。 5)完全省略代词。 Sexist: What does a person thinks of after he becomes a deportee? Revised: What does a person thinks of after becoming a deportee? 一个人被驱逐之后会作何感想呢? 6)用冠词替代。 Sexist: Can a critic give his opinion of...? Revised: Can a critic give an opinion of...? 评论家能评论...吗? 7)用someone，one，the one，no one等替代。 Sexist: He who can take advice is sometimes superior to he who can give it. Revised: Someone who can take advice is sometimes superior to the one who can give it. 接受忠告者有时胜过发出忠告者。 8)使用he and she或his and her，但使用的次数不宜太多。she/he仅可用于备忘录(memos)、便条(notes)，或者非正式的交谈之中。 9)用名词或上下文中用过的同义词替换。 Sexist: To find a friend one must close one eye - to keep him, two. Revised: To find a friend, one must close one eye - to keep one, two. 想找朋友，就得睁一只眼，闭一只眼;想留住朋友，就得双眼都闭上。 2. 尽量使用那些包括两性在内的词，即无性别之分的词(gender-free words)。 例如：child，teacher，officer(警官)，people，worker，immigrant(移民)，voter(投票者，选民)，coach(教练)，church member(教友)，sales rep(推销员)，grand parent(外/祖父或祖母)，leader，evening student，employee (雇员)，test taker (考生，应试者)，engineer，customers(顾客)，dealer(交易者，商人)，clerk(职员，办事员)，civilian(平民)，scient